According to Dr. Nguyễn Xuân Hiền (MSc, Resident Doctor) from the Oncology Center, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, coffee contains many biologically active compounds. These include caffeine, a stimulant that affects the central nervous system, and antioxidants such as chlorogenic acid, which help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.
Coffee and Thyroid Cancer Risk
Some studies suggest that coffee consumption may reduce the risk of thyroid cancer. A 2020 meta-analysis of 10 studies with 379,825 participants found that moderate coffee intake was associated with a lower risk of thyroid cancer. Specifically, each additional cup of coffee per day was linked to a 5% reduction in thyroid cancer risk.
However, other studies have not found a significant association. Another analysis—covering 1,039 thyroid cancer cases and 220,816 controls across five case–control studies and two cohort studies—found no meaningful link between coffee drinking and thyroid cancer risk. Other factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and overall diet, may influence this relationship.
Coffee and Thyroid Function
Dr. Hiền notes that a large cohort study of over 30,000 volunteers followed for five years provides a clear answer. The results showed:
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Drinking fewer than 2 cups of coffee per day may reduce the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism.
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Drinking 2–4 cups per day may help lower serum TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) levels.
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Coffee consumption was not associated with an increased risk of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, nor did it impair overall thyroid function.
Recommendations for Coffee Consumption
While science has not reached a final conclusion, most research shows that coffee does not increase the risk or worsen thyroid cancer. To enjoy coffee safely:
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Drink in moderation: 3–4 cups per day is considered safe for most people and does not significantly affect thyroid health.
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Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and avoid known thyroid cancer risk factors such as radiation exposure.
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Get regular check-ups: Routine health screenings can help detect thyroid disease, including cancer, early.
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Consult specialists: If you have concerns about thyroid health or cancer risk, seek advice from endocrinology and oncology experts for personalized guidance.
“The relationship between coffee consumption and thyroid cancer risk remains an active area of research. While moderate coffee intake is considered safe and may provide health benefits, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and closely monitoring personal health remain the most important factors,” Dr. Nguyễn Xuân Hiền advises.